Tag: genes

Using CRISPR on Human Embryos.

Using CRISPR on Human Embryos.

Augment Khan Noonian Singh

Using CRISPR as we feared could be here. I don’t want to alarm you, but it is here. The Eugenics Wars of Star Trek fame are just another example of Trek fiction about to come true. I’d love to know what your thoughts are on the subject.

Evolution by natural selection is about to end for Homo sapiens.   CRISPR BABIES

I have interrupted my writing jag to bring you this article as soon as I heard about it. Of course, this kind of science is the foundation of my current series, The Jackson Saga. That aside, as this technology is honed and focused, which I think is marvelous, I also worry. I worry that someone “in charge” will be deciding what is a disease, what is a mutation, what’s worth fiddling with, and do we want to end up like the society in GATTACA?

OVERPOPULATION.

I expand on this theme with the biggest single threat

Embryos of augmented humans

to humanity: Overpopulation. I’m not talking numbers of bodies here. I’m talking about the carrying capacity of the planet to support humans and their need for power (yes, both political and electrical). The United States, by the standards of carrying capacity, is the most overpopulated country on the planet. Americans are about 5% of world population and use 20% of the world resources. Americans waste more food, hence energy and political power, than some people have to eat in the whole day.  We use more for cars (tires, gasoline, junkyards), trash (landfills), and especially electricity (air conditioners, big screen televisions, refrigeration).

This could roll on a tangent, but when India and China live their lives at the same standard as Americans (and why shouldn’t they?) overpopulation will finally move to the forefront as the foundation for climate change, food shortages, medical and elderly care issues, with a host of others, including poverty and war (power is both energy and politics).

Genetic Engineering

to remove harmful “whatever” is not my argument. In fact, as I said, Paradox is all about the risk of a genetically engineered vaccine. After administration it carries on in the offspring of vaccinated adults, but with unexpected results. Millions and millions of humans die prematurely or become sterile. When we play with Natural Selection, we must also play with Reproductive Rights. Are those with money, who can afford this medical technology, going to dictate who can and cannot have children without diseases? Will it be available to everyone regardless of their political views or the color of their skin or the money in their bank account?

From the article, I quote:

Gene-editing scientist, Fyodor Urnov* reviewed the Chinese documents said called the undertaking cause for “regret and concern over the fact that gene editing—a powerful and useful technique—was put to use in a setting where it was unnecessary.” Indeed, studies are already under way to edit the same gene in the bodies of adults with HIV. “It is a hard-to-explain foray into human germ-line genetic engineering that may overshadow in the mind of the public a decade of progress in gene editing of adults and children to treat existing disease,” he says.

Stop and Think

I find it a revolutionary tool, and worth exploring to the fullest possible good it can do. I wouldn’t want to wish disabilities on people just to keep the population from explosion, but clear, rules must be in place. We must prevent a group from using this to take power, placing genetic superiority in the hands of the wealthy alone, the political party of party alone, or, without looking forward to reduce the chances of a “Eugenics War”.  If one race becomes so powerful the world over, humans will lose the diversity of our evolution. We are amazing animals, adapted to various climates, producing different cultures, and having the ability to see that we have so much more in common than we we have as differences. Let us keep what makes us human, and remove what hurts us most.

This is indeed a slippery slope, but an adventurous one to be sure. Talk about the Final Frontier. We should let Nature run the most of the show. It’s done a pretty fair job so far.

 

*associate director of the Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, a nonprofit in Seattle, Washington.

Books

 

Homochirality – the foundation of life

Homochirality – the foundation of life

This is interesting as hell if you are a geek. If you’re too busy ranting about the election, sitting in front of a game console, or watching soaps, go ahead and skip this post. For those of you still with me, we’re talking about the subject of my first novel, PARADOX. We’re talking about chemicals, DNA, atoms, and the forces that make the world go round.

limone

The image above is the molecule LIMONENE. A molecule is a compound of atoms, remember, which are the smallest units of a single element. A center has the neutrons and protons, and in shells around the nucleus zing the electrons. Molecules, like atoms, are three dimensional things. Think of them as Tinkertoys, it helps.

Water is a molecule, made of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. It is always the same no matter how it combines because the two hydrogen atoms always sit in the outermost shell of the oxygen atom. That will never change.

Most molecules are chiral. They can exist only if the atoms hook up together in the correct order at the correct electron. DNA is one of those molecules. You’ve all seen an illustration showing the twisting molecule, sometimes two meters long, all scrunched up into a microscopic package – it’s truly amazing. All biological DNA but for a few archaic bacteria twist to the right.

Huh? Thglow-dnae only way I can explain it is this: The strips of DNA in the foreground are spiraling down FROM the right in the picture. If you see a drawing of the strips in the foreground going left, it is drawn incorrectly. But that’s not what the post is about. What I want to explain is how it got like this and why it’s important. The geeky part is coming, hang in there.

IT MATTERS which way the thing goes, because if you take a look at the LIMONE molecule above, if it chirals to the left, (L or S) it smells and tastes like lemons. If it spirals to the right (R or D) it smells and tastes like oranges. The molecule cannot match up with it’s own mirror image in 3D. Your hands are like that. The palms can meet, but that is not because they are symmetric. If they were symmetric they would look the same from your viewpoint. Place one over the other in front of you (not palm to palm).They are not mirror images of each other.

Where am I going with this? Remember, salts, minerals, chemicals can and mostly are asymmetrical. All over the world with few exceptions (which I’ll theorize about shortly) amino acids spiral to the right and sugars spiral to the left. In a lab environment, we’ve created compounds that still spiral, but in both directions. Why in nature are these compounds homochiral, but heterochiral in the lab?

soupWhat mechanism drives the biological compounds to homochirality back in the prebiotic world? If you think back to our atoms and their electrons, could it be that a tiny (really tiny) bit of energy happened to pull the molecule a little one way or the other? It could have just as easily been to the left as to the right. This small imbalance in the two different enantiomers is real and in my humble opinion could have been the result of the direction of planetary motion. Earth revolves counterclockwise around the sun and its own axis. By considering the earlier Earth and its molten core, a bit of centrifugal motion may have been the magic ingredient to push biology one direction or another.

I’m at the really geeky part now. If this might be true, then it might be true that on Venus, which spins clockwise on its axis, lifeforms would have the opposite chirality. And here is something we don’t know. How long ago did Venus flip? Most likely, it was early on when the solar system was forming, and models suggest that it was hit by some planetessimal, possibly the fragment of which became Mercury. Another time for that avenue.

So, if Venus were not such a hot and hostile place, would we be able to eat vegetation that arose there or only if it formed before the planet was kicked over? Are the theoretical life forms on Venus opposite from Earthlings and does their DNA spiral left? Are there both biological creatures – those that developed before the collision and after? Wouldn’t it be a fantastic mission, to land on Venus, pick up some creatures, and find out which way they tick?darwin-soup-252x300

More fodder for my science fiction novels, Paradox is exactly this scenario. The planet around Beta Hydri suffered a collision with a space body and was turned upside down so that the sun rises in the west and sets in the east. And the first life forms to develop were similar to Earth – right enantiomer DNA until the planet changed, and then new life forms developed with left enantiomer DNA.

In the last 20 years or so, the classification of biological life forms has itself evolved, and now we have Daredevil Kooky Prince Charles On Friday Goes Surfing. Daredevil stands for DOMAIN, and further divides the kingdoms into Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya (this last one holds fungi, plants, and animal kingdoms).  Should we find such life forms, on Mars or one of Jupiter’s moons how will we classify them? Do they get their own Domain or Kingdom,  will they exhibit the D enantiomer or the L, and why? Finding life on another world is more than exciting, it’s an entirely new science to explore. A hundred years ago there was no job for the pizza delivery man. A hundred years from now, I guarantee we will have exobiologists answering these very questions.

 

Contest – just one skill needed

Contest – just one skill needed

https://www.goodreads.com/giveaway/show/201699-paradox-the-alien-genome

Hello Friends,

Sol seen from Titan
Sol seen from Titan

It’s another give away for Paradox – because the Amazon Give Away was a great success! This time you have to go to the Goodreads site and join for free, then you can enter all the book  give aways you want! All genres and authors, from one copy to a 100, try a new author and you might be surprised, and glad, you did. No risk, no money, just click that link above Saturn and enter.

By the way, Paradox is not the only available “read” – no time for a long novel? Check out my novella, 1/4 the size, 1/4 the price, currently available, Dangerous: Gamma Ray Games  at (yes) Amazon ($0.99).

One more reminder: If you are a Kindle Unlimited subscriber, read both for free! No contest needed!

Do you know a friend who might like a hard science fiction read for September? Intelligent readers wanted! No dystopia, no apocalypse, no invasion of Earth, but much in common with what we face today at home. Share this post with them. They’ll thank you if they win!

 

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